Inspiration. Ambition.
Passion. Process. Technique.

By: Geri Cole

Promotional poster for THE HANDMAID'S TALE season 4

Host Geri Cole welcomes THE HANDMAID’S TALE creator, showrunner, writer, and EP Bruce Miller and writer and EP Yahlin Chang to the show to talk about how real-world refugee stories give the show inspiration and guidance, the ways in which writing can be both cruel and cathartic, and how the show encourages everyone—both above and below the line—to bring their A-game.

Please note: This episode comes with a spoiler alert as well as a content warning for a discussion of sexual violence against women and other traumatic topics.

Bruce Miller is a television writer and producer who, before HANDMAID’S, was well known for his work as showrunner and writer for popular sci-fi series like EUREKA and ALPHAS. For his work on The Handmaid’s Tale, Miller won the 2017 Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Drama Series and Outstanding Writing for a Drama Series.

Yahlin Chang is a writer and producer who wrote on several series including DIRTY SEXY MONEY, PAN AM, and SUPERGIRL, before joining the writers’ room of THE HANDMAID’S TALE. She was nominated for a 2021 Primetime Emmy for Outstanding Writing for a Drama for the series.

THE HANDMAID’S TALE is a dystopian television series based on Margaret Atwood’s 1985 novel of the same name. The series portrays life in the dystopia of Gilead, a totalitarian society in what was the United States which is ruled by an ultra-religious fundamentalist regime. Faced with a world devastated by environmental disasters and a plummeting birth rate, the few remaining fertile women are forced into sexual servitude. One of these women, Offred, is determined to survive the terrifying world she lives in, and find the daughter that was taken from her.

The series—which has received multiple Emmy, Golden Globe, Writers Guild Awards, among many others—premiered on Hulu in April 2017, and is currently in production for its 5th season. Seasons 1-4 are available to stream on Hulu.

Seasons 7-11 of OnWriting are hosted by Geri Cole, a writer and performer based in New York City. She is currently a full-time staff and interactive writer for SESAME STREET, for which she has received a Writers Guild Award and two Daytime Emmys.

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OnWriting is an official podcast of the Writers Guild of America, East. The series was created and produced by Jason Gordon. Associate Producer & Designer is Molly Beer. Mix, tech production, and original music by Stock Boy Creative.

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Thanks for listening. Write on.

Transcript

Geri Cole: Hi, I’m Geri Cole, and you’re listening to OnWriting, a podcast from the Writers Guild of America, East. In each episode, you’re going to hear from the people behind your favorite films and television series, talking about the writing process, how they got their project from the page to the screen, and so much more

Today, I’m thrilled to welcome creator, executive producer, showrunner, and writer, Bruce Miller. And executive producer and writer Yahlin Chang, from The Handmaid’s Tale, now streaming on Hulu. In this episode, we’ll talk about how The Handmaid’s Tale is inspired by real life refugee stories, how writing the series can be cathartic and cruel, and why show encourages everyone above and below the line to bring their A game.

Please note, this episode comes with a spoiler alert and a trigger warning as we do discuss sexual violence against women and other traumatic topics taken from The Handmaid’s Tale. Now let’s welcome Bruce and Yahlin. Thank you for joining us. Very excited to talk to you guys today about this incredible show. So for the sake of the audience, let’s start a little bit at the beginning. Bruce, can you talk to us about how you came to adapt the novel?

Bruce Miller: They actually came to me to adapt the novel. I read it when I was in college, so in a new fiction class, which tells you how long ago I was in college. And I always thought it would make a great movie, and then they made it into a movie. And then I thought it would make a great TV show, and they were talking about making it into a TV show, but no one ever talked to me. So the years went by and I just did my own stuff, but I always had my agents check to see what the story was, mostly just because I was eager for it to come out more than to do it.

So eventually they checked and the person who was originally writing it had fallen out and they were looking for a writer, but they certainly weren’t looking for a man. And so I waited patiently and eventually they asked me to come in and talk to them about it. And so it never happens, you’re sitting around going, “Hmm, what project should I take?” You happen to be free, it happens to appear, it just works out that way. I mean, if I had a job that summer, I wouldn’t have been looking for this show.

Geri Cole: Wow. It’s always kismet. And Yahlin, can you talk a bit about how you got to the show?

Yahlin Chang: You’re looking at him, Bruce Miller is that how I got to the show, which I will always be so grateful to him for. So Bruce and I worked together in 2002 to 2004 on ER, and I was the lowest level writer and he was above me and we hung out those two seasons and we were friends. But we hadn’t seen each other and we hadn’t worked together again, and then one day in 2017, an article came out in Vanity Fair, or I think I saw Facebook post or something like that, which was, a show to watch. One of the most anticipated shows ever. One of the most amazing…

And it was The Handmaid’s Tale, and it said Bruce Miller. And so I Facebooked Bruce, and we haven’t talked in years. And I was like, “Congratulations, Bruce.” And then Bruce wrote back saying, “Do you want to grab a coffee?” And I was like, “My God, that’s amazing.” I know. And so thank God. And I’m not very active on social media, but thank God I happened to check Facebook that day. And I happened to be able to reach out to Bruce because I remember being like, “Wow, I haven’t talked to him in a long time, but I’ll just say congratulations.” And so that was amazing for me.

Bruce Miller: And she’s been here ever since.

Geri Cole: Wow. I mean, we don’t want to give Facebook credit for much, but we will credit for that, for keeping people connected, which honestly is what it was designed for. But okay, so let’s get into talking about season four. What did you go into the writing room with and what was the process like breaking this season?

Bruce Miller: I actually started thinking about the next season and we started talking about the next season about halfway through the previous season. Just because you kind of, you really want to set it up and start, not in big ways. So I kind of surreptitiously take notes while everybody’s saying those things. And so kind of over the break, you connect with what you’re going to do. But was the COVID year. So we wrote the entire show. We were two days into shooting and then we had to shut down. And we shut down for a few months and then we shot the show, but the show had to be entirely rewritten from the ground up because none of the things we could do, we could do anymore.

And so we had to rewrite, rejigger everything 100 times. And also cut the scale of it and all that stuff. So I think that what we came up with for the season is exactly what we did, it was just a different scale than we thought we were going to be able to. We could do some things and you couldn’t do others. For example, you couldn’t do a giant, empty [inaudible 00:04:57]. That was good for us, but we couldn’t have any people there because we weren’t allowed to shoot with people.

So I think that in season four, well, we had inklings of things, certainly in season three, and I had conversations with Margaret Atwood and all that stuff, but it always comes to kind of the same thing, which is you just follow the character, where the character is going. And that’s where we kind of start our conversation, which is where was she at the end of the season before? So where is she going now?

Geri Cole: Wow.

Yahlin Chang: Yeah. I mean, I remember very clearly before I every season, we do a retreat, a little retreat at Bruce’s house. And there was-

Bruce Miller: When we were on the ER, they took us to Kauai.

Geri Cole: What?

Bruce Miller: On my show, we come to my house in Studio City. That’s the difference.

Yahlin Chang: Wow. But I remember we-

Bruce Miller: It’s nicer at my house.

Yahlin Chang: Well, so first we gathered just the EPs. So it was, Bruce just invited me and Eric Tuchman and Kira Snyder over, and we sat down. And Bruce, you came in with, “Let’s get her out this season. Let’s get her out of Gilead.” And what was so amazing I think about the decision was that we did it in the middle of the season when no one would expect it. And that actually, you’d been talking about for a while. It’s that we did this thing that in these TV rhythms where you’re so used to there being a cliff hanger or you’re so used to like, “Oh, if she gets out, it’ll be at the end of the season, or maybe the beginning of the season.”

But to do it smack dab in the middle of the season was I think such a great idea, because the show has these weird rhythms, because as Bruce said, we followed the character. And so you really never know what’s going to happen. And it kind of keeps you discombobulated and disoriented, and a little bit on your toes, because anything could happen. She could get out in the middle of episode six of season four for no apparent reason, except that it just, that’s when the boat came.

Bruce Miller: My daughter, who’s 17, she doesn’t like books. She’s a devoted reader of romcoms, and she hates them when they just finally get together at the end. And that’s it. You never see them together. You’re going to want to be seeing them together. So she says, “I don’t like a kiss and end. I don’t like a kiss and end.” And so I came in and said, “I don’t want to do a kiss and end of our show.” Because the fact is, if you build it on a traditional structure, the last episode, she gets out of Gilead. Well, screw that. I’ve been waiting to see her with her husband forever.

And I’ve always been waiting to see what it’s like when she’s free. And that’s just the beginning of the story. So that was my big thing, was my daughter was saying, “Don’t…” If that’s what happens, you never see the story you’ve been promised. And so I kind of said, “She’s actually right.” And so we did it that way with the idea that the story just begins when she gets out. I mean, I watched a show that started with. The first episode would be Yahlin’s episode from last year where she just arrives in Canada. I’d watch that show.

Geri Cole: Absolutely. In fact, you’ve just led me perfectly to another question, which is that idea of, she’s still not free when she gets out. It’s, this is the beginning of the next chapter. Just because she’s free, she’s still not free. And also kiss and end, I feel like that’s a great term. Don’t just kiss and end, you got to see what happens. Yeah. So speaking of her not being free and still having obviously so much PTSD and things to deal with, I wonder how much research goes into each episode or specific episodes or specific characters. Do you guys talk to sexual assault or trafficking survivors to get an understanding of the psychology that’s going on there?

Bruce Miller: As our favorite researcher, Yahlin can speak to this. As our favorite user of our experts.

Yahlin Chang: I know. I love using experts. We bring in a lot of experts, and this season we have talked to experts in trauma and sexual trauma and we do research-

Bruce Miller: Sexual trauma in conflict zones, which is a very different thing. No, we have a huge amount of resources going to… And mostly because it’s better for us to know the real story really from those people. Because we can imagine all we want, but until you hear it, and it’s often not what we imagined, especially with her journey after Gilead was not what I certainly thought it would be. But we’ve always done a lot of research. The show is really a show about refugees.

I mean, either they want to be refugees and they’re stuck in Gilead, or they are refugees and they escape from Gilead, but it’s all about refugees. And so we’ve been talking to the UN since the very first episode. What do the Guardians look like? What does it look like when one country turns into another country? So it is a huge research show. And in fact, almost all the research is kind of the heart and soul of the show. The way when you see it, it seems like it’s just about June and her family and her journey.

But the super structure of the stories are all built on refugee stories, stories about trauma, all of those journeys, which people were so generous with us and so candid with us. And also the thing you realize is they also all have a sense of humor about their own area, whatever it is. So the people who work in sexual trauma at the UN make jokes that you never want to hear because they work all day long. This is their thing.

Geri Cole: Yeah. They have to.

Bruce Miller: And so they are normal human beings. And so just kind of hearing them talk about it and hearing kind of how they help this with the other characters, Moira and [inaudible 00:10:40], and characters who were working in the refugee community. Because you can’t take it on your back like a bag of rocks every night. You can’t. Because then you don’t have anything to bring to the office the next day. And I cut Yahlin off, I’m sorry.

Yahlin Chang: No, no, no, no, that’s all exactly right. I mean, it gives us so much specificity into the stories in terms of making them real. And I think that’s what is inescapable about The Handmaid’s Tale. It starts and you’re in it, and it feels very real. And I think that it’s the minute, unpredictable detail that Bruce is always encouraging us to highlight and to write about because it’s the stuff that you don’t see in whatever, every random sexual trauma episode of television.

And the other thing that is interesting about the universality of experience is that, for example, in the second season, I wrote an episode where June sees her daughter, Hannah, for the first time. They get 10 minutes together. And so for that, I talked to psychologists who deal with foster children, who get to visit with their moms and then have to leave. And I talked to our amazing UN consultant, Andi Gitow, about what happens in a conflict zone, in a war, when in Cambodia or Lagos or the Sudan or something, where a parent has to say goodbye to a child and what he would say or do before getting dragged out and shot and never being seen.

Geri Cole: Jesus.

Yahlin Chang: And so the crazy thing is that, so you take a foster care situation in New York City, and you take that situation in Cambodia and there’s this kind of universality of how mothers and children will deal with each other in situations like that. It’s the same. The parent will walk out smiling. So that’s the last image that the child has before they walk away. And so that really has been one of the best things about working on the show.

Bruce Miller: Well, there was one thing which was just the idea that Hannah would be scared when she saw June, that she’d be scared of her own mother. I never would’ve thought of that. They said that’s so often the case because they haven’t seen them for so long. And also, from her point of view, her mother, who she hadn’t seen her for so long, is showing up super pregnant in a weird outfit and years older. And so she hasn’t seen this person, and she had no idea she was going to see her that day. And so looking at it from people who see how children react to this, that was extremely illuminating and helpful because it was not what I expected.

Yahlin Chang: Yes. That scared and angry. What happened to you? Why did you leave me? Why didn’t you come back? Why haven’t I seen you in so long?

Geri Cole: Oh my God, you guys, I might cry during this interview. So it’s really interesting actually to think about so much of the story rooted in the experience of refugees and all these different threads that you guys are pulling together of experiences, because actually one of the things that I’ve or kept thinking while watching it was, this feels so much like the African-American experience in America, the enslaved experience. I don’t know if that’s… It feels sad that it’s all so the same.

Bruce Miller: Yeah. I mean, I think that where Margaret Atwood was looking at things that happened over and over and over and over and over again in different ways, in different places. And so I think that what she was looking for was that universality. So it is connectable to a lot of experiences through history. And I think the biggest thing for her was that it’s connected to the history of how women are treated.

But in all of these scenarios, they’re women as part of some group that’s being treated poorly, often it isn’t women who are specifically target instead it’s the African-American community or another community, or the Ukrainians today or whoever. And so I think that she did a very good job setting up a situation that was loose enough that you could tie it into so many things that you’re reading about in your own past or in history. So it makes it a lot more relatable for more people.

Geri Cole: Speaking of women, there are a lot of really deplorable female characters in the show.

Bruce Miller: You’re welcome.

Geri Cole: And so I wonder, were any of based on or you use real people as inspiration, for example, Phyllis, and I’m going to butcher her last name, Phyllis Schlafly, for the character-

Bruce Miller: Schlafly.

Yahlin Chang: Schlafly, yeah.

Bruce Miller: Schlafly.

Geri Cole: … for the character of Serena or the aunts. I wonder if you guys are pulling from real life people in terms of the evil female characters also in this show.

Yahlin Chang: Yeah. There’s definitely a plethora of evil people to choose from, evil women and evil men. I mean, Phyllis Schlafly, I know for the Serena Joy character, I think what happens is that you have a misogynist system that keeps women down or a certain class of people down and unfortunately, it makes the power so scarce for that group that then what you get is you get, keeping women down, you get women fighting each other, the scraps of power, the drugs of power, that they’re allowed. So yeah, pulling from Phyllis Schlafly-esque people, or all those blonde women who are surrounding Donald Trump or on Fox News. It’s, unfortunately there are just all these riches to choose from.

And unfortunately it is a fact of living in a certain misogynist world that women will see other women as threats. Women will backstab other women. And part of what’s, I guess, fun about writing for the show is that all you have to do is imagine what would the worst people do in a situation like this? When they’re feeling threatened and insecure? Just imagine the worst people and the worst things they could possibly do. And all you have to do is, yeah, pick up the paper or [inaudible 00:16:59] on the internet, what are the worst people in the world doing today?

Geri Cole: This is the psychotic hypocrisy, the seemingly inability to recognize another person’s equal humanity. The obliteration of [inaudible 00:17:12]. So much of this is what we’re, I feel, currently living through. And so my question really is, how do you guys deal with writing a show about trauma and these evil institutions while sleeping through arguably a very traumatic time? Are you guys okay? Is there a lot of therapy?

Bruce Miller: I think there is a lot of therapy, but I don’t know if it’s any more than any other group of writers. But because I think that kind of inhabiting people’s minds who are dealing with conflicts is kind of the job. So you have to be able to kind of find the good in a bad character, no matter if you’re writing our show or some other show. But it’s wearing, the worst part is when people say, “Oh, isn’t it funny the stuff that you think of?” But when you’re in that room, we know that the stuff we’re coming up with is what we consider our worst case scenario. The worst thing that could happen. And then when it happens, it’s not fun. Because what you were doing is saying, “Okay, this would be awful if this happened.” And then it happens. None of that’s enjoyable.

But the other thing is it allows us, I think, with the particular group we have, to talk about the news and tease it apart in a way that I find comforting. Even if it’s just to kind of have a group of people also think the world is falling apart. Like minds is nice and supportive. I wanted to just say something about Yvonne, in that performance that she gives us. Yvonne Strahovski plays Serena Joy, and I think she’s gone beyond any of the models that we have because she’s so much more skilled at… She’s so much more intelligent, she’s so much more charming than so many of these people.

That character that Yvonne has put together, I think, is even kind of the version that in real life, you wouldn’t be able to resist. I think she’s so good at that. And I think that’s a lot of it, is that she uses her charisma as a woman, Yvonne does, to help Serena have a lot of charisma. Now, Yvonne could not be any more different than Serena. Yvonne is a giant, loud, Australian, drinking, hilarious…

Geri Cole: Whoa. What?

Bruce Miller: Yeah, yeah, yeah. Really Australian. Yeah. And so it could not be any more different than that character is. But all of that vibrancy, I think, is what you get that you don’t get from Laura Ingraham, and you don’t get from these people who seem to be just mean husks. She isn’t like that.

Yahlin Chang: It’s so true. And she inhabits that character and makes her so human where you feel bad for her. You can feel she’s so… You’re just instantly drawn to her. You really see her suffering. And then it wakens up that little bit of empathy for her. And you’re like, “I can’t believe I’m emphasizing with this horrible, horrible person.” But she plays the suffering so well. And I mean, I really feel like that character, she’s inhuman, yes, of course. But in a way, she’s all too human, because she has all these excessive human faults of just excessive selfishness, excessive self-delusion, excessive desires, and cravings, and wanting everything.

And you can relate, it’s like she wants a baby. She really wants to be a mother. Those are very relatable desires. Yeah. So she’s brilliant at that. It’s funny, I think that the writing for the show is somewhat cathartic for the times that we’re living in, because the darkness that is in the world and that we’ve been dealing with and that we read about or experience on a daily basis, you can kind of just channel that into the show and you can do things and have your character say things and act in ways that you can’t in civilized society, but your characters could do it.

Bruce Miller: By tearing Fred apart.

Geri Cole: Which is so satisfying. Jason and I were talking about that right before you guys came on, about how he was like, “I still felt so unsettled.” I was like, “I felt very satisfied.”

Yahlin Chang: Yeah. That’s great.

Geri Cole: And I was like, “I don’t know if that’s a gender difference or anything.” But I mean, yes, I guess it was a technically, obviously unsettling to see a man ripped apart. However, so very satisfying.

Bruce Miller: I just love that it doesn’t hurt your feelings about June.

Geri Cole: No.

Bruce Miller: Is that you’ve got a main character who, I mean, everybody talks about antihero, no one talks about June as an antihero. She kills a guy in the first episode. And then again, she tore a guy apart already. [inaudible 00:21:50] yeah, yeah, yeah, Everybody’s like, “Oh my God, what did she do?” That was Thursday in Gilead. So it is so interesting how no one ever says how hard it was to like her after the first episode, and you’re like, “She did kill a guy with her bare heads in the first episode.”

Geri Cole: But it was called for. But it was called for. Man, yeah. I’m curious about what I imagine must be an incredible level of trust that you guys have on this creative team, I wonder if you guys could… Because this is obviously very difficult material to deal with, and making sure that everyone’s voices feel heard and that there’s no one traumatized in the process, I suppose.

Bruce Miller: No, we don’t do that. We don’t traumatize everybody. I feel [inaudible 00:22:33]. Right. I don’t do that. But it’s, that was the goal. Yahlin, you came in from the outside, after the first [inaudible 00:22:39] , it seems like she’s been on forever. But, do we have a high level of trust or zero trust?

Yahlin Chang: Oh my God. I mean, I remember so clearly coming in in season two, that was my first season, and just feeling like I’d landed in the loveliest, safest place in the world. After having come in from the cold, from a bunch of other places and other shows, some which were good, some which were not so good.

Bruce Miller: I made it exactly the right amount of time to Facebook because she was just despairing and wanted to [inaudible 00:23:09].

Yahlin Chang: I entered this show this traumatized human being. And then the show kind of healed me, to be honest. And I think I said this to you, Bruce, a bunch of times, I was like, “Oh my God, you saved me.” Because coming into the writers’ room, it was a place where you could say anything. It was finally the first time I was in a room and I suddenly stopped feeling incredibly self-conscious and being scared. Being scared to pitch, because I remember very much on other shows, being so scared to pitch and then being so scared to hear no to my idea, and being so devastated if I didn’t get it right and didn’t get an idea on the board and stuff. And then, I mean, [crosstalk 00:23:58] maybe I should have more of that. I don’t have any of that anymore. [inaudible 00:24:01] of that.

Bruce Miller: She even had a sticker that said she did well once, and that’s it. That’s it. [inaudible 00:24:08] perfectly fine.

Geri Cole: Don’t start.

Yahlin Chang: No, I don’t give a crap about what people think of my ideas. I’m like, “This is my idea. I like it and I want to do.” Oh my God.

Bruce Miller: I mean, I think good writers’ rooms are safe and secure in terms of a secret, which I think is important. But we knew each other before. I mean, I hired almost all writers who I had worked with before for that reason. And also you just can’t be afraid to kind of ask the stupid question. I think our room is very generous about that. Because the only way a show that’s created by me is making any sense to any woman is to have people on staff who say, “No, it doesn’t feel like that. It feels like this.”

Although when you get our staff, which has all women, basically, they never agree. So it becomes less useful, that you ask a question of one of them goes, ‘Well, absolutely the answer is this.” And everyone’s like… So luckily we’re coming away from a time where they’re used to being the only woman in the room, and now they’re used to being in a room full of women, which is better so they don’t feel like the reference point. You have to actually be able to ask the stupid question. What does it feel like when you get your period? And do you know? How do you know? All those [inaudible 00:25:29]. You have to have those stupid conversations like I’m 14, because I don’t know, I’m a boy.

Geri Cole: But then I feel like what you get is so many different, very specific experiences, then you can draw universal truths from, I would imagine.

Yahlin Chang: Exactly. Right.

Geri Cole: Wow. So, we’re at the end of season four, starting to write season five or in the middle of writing season five?

Bruce Miller: We’re shooting season five. Yeah.

Geri Cole: Shooting season five. Okay. Oh man. I’m going to try and get some spoilers at the [inaudible 00:25:56]. So I’m curious as to how the writing room has evolved over these now five seasons. Do you ever still get to a point where you feel like you’re in the weeds or does it just feel like a well-tended garden at this point that things, is growing and you’re just plucking to…

Bruce Miller: Yahlin.

Geri Cole: I wanted to hear Bruce’s answer to that.

Bruce Miller: Well, for me, there’s two answers. The first big one is that the staff does a lot of the work because they are so well motivated and they’ve done this for so long, is that the ball keeps rowing. So for me, it’s a little less stressful because the great thing about being a writer on TV, as opposed to feature writer, is if you don’t have an idea, someone else does.

And so that really is born out in our writers’ room, that everybody kind of has ideas. So for me, it makes it a lot easier to have that support. But coming up with stories is always hard. And every season I think we’re not going to come up with anything and all of that stuff. But on this show, I think I came into the show late enough in my career, and so everybody else said, “No one’s afraid to try anything.”

I am constantly sure they’re going to say, “What?” We did a female genital mutilation story in season one and they were okay. So I think that the room and figuring out the story has a lot of freedom because they are comfortable with us doing that. That doesn’t make it easier to come up with stories, but it makes it easier because you usually only have to come up with one. You don’t have to come with the eight, and then you throw out seven, really I have to come up with the one. Is that [inaudible 00:27:36]?

Yahlin Chang: Yeah, it’s great. I mean, I think it’s really magic in a way, how you kind of, on your own, you’re like, “Oh my God, what are we going to do? What are we going to do? This is an insurmountable problem.” And then you bring it to the room and in 15 minutes you’re like, “Oh yeah. Okay. Yeah, that’s what we’ll do. [inaudible 00:27:51]. That’s okay. Yeah, no, there is [inaudible 00:27:53]. Oh yeah, we could do this. We could do that.” But yeah, when you’re on your own, you’re like, “What could it be?”

Bruce Miller: And there’s also a ton of basic TV network series experience on our show. A ton. Much more than you think. And it’s written just… I mean, it is entertainment. We are trying to make it entertaining. I mean, it doesn’t have to be nice, but it should be entertaining and riveting and diverting and all of those things.

And so I think the fact that the trial by fire that Yahlin went through to get to us of CW shows and those kind of things, bringing those kind of very specific problem-solving story, problem-solving skills to bear is the great thing. We have people who have been working in TV for 25 years. There’s no problem they haven’t seen every version of. You cannot pitch them something they haven’t thought of. So that’s when you come in with one, and they go, “Oh, you can do this, this, this, or this because I’ve seen this probably 45 times.”

Yahlin Chang: I mean, I think the other thing that makes it easier and easier is we’ve lived with these characters in this world and this story for so long. We really know them. And so it is easier to go, “Okay, well, how would June feel in this situation? What would Luke do in this situation?” We really know them like people.

Bruce Miller: And we have a closer relationship with our actors now over time because we do go back and forth with them. And over time they understand the voices of the characters as well or better than you do, but they want you to push them. They don’t want to be guiding you. But we have a very good relationship. Elisabeth Moss is one of our executive producers, not in name only. She’s really an executive producer. And in directing now. So all of those things, I think, open contact. And we also have a really smart and nice, a lovely cast. There’s not one jerk amongst them.

Geri Cole: So no jerks.

Bruce Miller: It was sad [inaudible 00:29:42], he was lovely.

Yahlin Chang: I know. The best. And nothing like his character. Oh.

Bruce Miller: Nothing. Nothing. He couldn’t even watch the character.

Yahlin Chang: I know.

Geri Cole: Wow. Wow. Wow. Wow. So then actually I’m going to ask, in the middle of this, about the successful show, what are the biggest challenges you still face in trying to…

Bruce Miller: Well, the biggest challenge I face is maintaining an environment where people feel like they can do really good creative work. Everybody. So I think that it’s easier to establish that than to keep it going as you switch people out over time. So over the year, you pull out someone, you bring in someone new, it’s not going to be the same. And so you really want, I mean, I think the reason the show is good, is that every single person feels like they’re a storyteller and they’re improving it.

So that every single person who touches it knows the story, knows exactly what we’re doing, what we’re doing and they try to make it better. So I try to make it better, Yahlin tries to make it better, and so does the guy painting the set. I get calls from them that say, “We’re using this red, but I actually think it might be toxic, and they wouldn’t have it in a house in Gilead. So should we use another shade of red that doesn’t cover the wall as well?” Because they use all natural paints in Gilead because they don’t want any out-gassing.

So you want them telling the story as well. So maintaining that environment is really hard because, A, when a new person comes in, the other people go, “Well, they don’t know the story.” And they try to quash that, their individual idea, which is just natural kind of. And the other person wants to learn the show, they don’t want to bring themselves. So I’m constantly saying to directors and EPs, believe me, I know what you do, I watched your stuff. I’m hiring you to do that. I’m hiring you to do what you do. I can do what I do, I want you to do what you do. And so there’s a lot of that where you are trying to, not just get people in line, but keep people from getting in line, and keep being themselves.

Sam Jaeger’s a really good example who plays Mark Tuello, he came into our show, and a lovely man, a lovely actor. And he said to me, when you come onto a show, it’s like coming into a machine and if the machine is running, your first job is not to screw up the machine. And that’s what he did. He came in, he built a really lovely character, but he didn’t mess up the environment. And he was willing to build his character bravely and with a lot of guts, even though he was coming into an established show.

Yahlin Chang: This is, I mean, the best show I’ve worked on in terms of, you write something and then at every step of the way, it gets better. And every step of the way, just what the production designer brings to it, Elisabeth Williams, and what the costumer brings, and then what the actors bring. It’s constantly elevated. And the end product ends up being better than you ever imagined. And often on a lot of shows, every step of the way, it’s, ugh, you’re compromising, oh, the actor didn’t do it the way you wanted to do it. Oh, this director didn’t get what I was trying to get.

But instead, going through production on this show, you’re like, “Oh my God, that’s such a great idea. I didn’t think of that.” “Oh my God. That’s even better.” “Oh my God. Yes. Put that into the scene. That will make it even better.” “Oh my God, the way you…” That’s the opposite of what I had imagined in my head and it’s so much better what…

Bruce Miller: Yeah. And you write murder board in the script and then they come up with this unbelievable… They come into the set and all you’ve written is murder board. But I’ve been on lots of shows, and Yahlin has too, where the best version of the story is the pitch in the room. And from then it just gets a little weaker every time, a little weaker with the outline, a little weaker with the script, a little weaker with the episode. And then I don’t care if anything’s good, except the last thing. I just want the show to be good.

So sometimes it takes us a long time to kind of find our way to what it’s going to be. But that doesn’t matter because all of those steps are steps of finding your way. And so I think the ability to improve it in every step is defensive against the urge or the tendency of things to get crappy at every turn, to get compromised at every turn. So I think we’re actually just trying to be a bull work against decline, and maybe we don’t make everything better, but we keep things from kind of grinding down and getting worse. I mean, I think probably the defining characteristic of every person we have on our show is they’re super stubborn. Just super-duper stubborn.

Yahlin Chang: But that’s a good thing.

Bruce Miller: Yeah, yeah. It’s a good thing. It’s harder for me, but it’s [inaudible 00:34:08].

Yahlin Chang: It is harder, I know.

Bruce Miller: They’re super-duper… I mean, Yahlin, I mean, they are all really stubborn.

Yahlin Chang: I know, I know. Yeah.

Bruce Miller: But it’s either way.

Yahlin Chang: It doesn’t make your life easy.

Geri Cole: But I mean, I guess, yeah, stubborn or standing by or championing their ideas, I suppose or… So that actually brings me to a question that I like to ask everyone that comes on the podcast, because you’re in the middle of running a very successful show. I always enjoy talking with creative professionals about the idea of success, because it feels like a very elusive location. And so I’m curious as to how you guys define success for yourself, define success for this show, and how that has evolved over time.

Bruce Miller: Yeah. I mean, I think there’s so much luck involved in success, as we were talking before, there’s so much luck involved in financial success and that kind of thing. But I think the ability to write the hardest things I can write as good as I can write, write as good as I can write, and then have the people who can execute it even better, that is the success for me. Is being able to work with these writers and come up with stuff that is really good and then give it to Lizzy Moss.

That is an incredible… And so Lizzy, I think, feels like she’s doing very good work because we write so well for her specifically. So I think that it’s a combination, we’re able to succeed, I think, or I feel like I’m succeeding, because I am constantly going, “Oh, Lizzy could do this. I wonder if she could do that?”

So I’m constantly pushing and trying things. And I don’t know that any of that stuff… A lot of the stuff I think I would be dubious that it would work with another group of actors. We have such a group. So for me, the success is really the ability to make well, kind of carefully-observed TV at a really, really, or the highest level I can do. This is as good as TV shows I can make. The pilot, which Yahlin saw when it first came out, is, okay, that’s it. That’s as good as I can do. And I like being able to do as good as I can do. At least when someone hates it, they hate what you [inaudible 00:36:24].

[inaudible 00:36:24], make it better, I was like, “Well, that was the best I could do.”

Yahlin Chang: You really gave it a shot, right?

Bruce Miller: Yeah. Well, like we say on the show, everything we do or we’ve tried to do everything on purpose. So you choose the car on purpose, for a reason. You choose everything, every single thing’s on purpose. So if you see something you don’t like, we did it on purpose. My mistake, make you dislike something, we actually failed on purpose.

So you really are putting your stamp on every single decision because we’re saying we’re going to look at the tires of the van and see what country they’re made in, because is Gilead getting tires from Japan or are they only getting tires from Germany? They only get cars from Germany. So that kind of detail, it puts you out there in the idea of, someone could really hate it, and they really hate what you tried to do. But on the other hand, at least you got that shot to say, “This is what I really wanted it to look like. What do you think?”

Yahlin Chang: And I also want to reiterate what you said, it is so much luck. It is so much, I happened to check Facebook that day and you happened to respond to my Facebook.

Bruce Miller: She thinks I wouldn’t have found her anyway.

Yahlin Chang: How did you even remember that I existed if I hadn’t…

Bruce Miller: I didn’t post anything on Facebook, that was just to you. I was throwing the lure in the water.

Geri Cole: And you fell for it.

Bruce Miller: Yup. One or two nice words.

Yahlin Chang: I mean, I loved your answer, Bruce, because you didn’t say anything about Emmy nominations or WGA nominations or that success as defined that way.

Bruce Miller: That’s even more luck.

Yahlin Chang: Yeah. And it’s arbitrary because there’s so many great shows great shows that don’t get recognized, where people pour their heart out into their scripts and their shows and shows that are amazing.

Bruce Miller: And they’re brilliant.

Yahlin Chang: And no one cares. So there’s all this brilliance left not ever even getting made. But so to get recognized is this unbelievable gravy. But it is just gravy because you’re right, the meat of it is, for me, the joy of just whatever, turning on Hulu and clicking on an episode that I had an integral part in and watching my favorite scene. That is the best. That’s the highest high.

Bruce Miller: They are really good. They really make our stuff better. It’s so wonderful.

Geri Cole: But that’s incredible. So it sounds like you guys are in it, you’re currently in the success. I really actually like that, being able to work at your edge, that you’re doing your best work and then you’re handing it off to someone else who’s also doing their best work. And it’s that feeling of being like, “Yeah.”

Bruce Miller: We had a writer who came into our writers’ room, who hilariously had been to every Ivy League school, [inaudible 00:39:33] even, and we would make fun of her constantly. And she said, after her first week, she goes, “Wow, this is the first time I’ve ever had to bring my A game.”

Geri Cole: Wow.

Bruce Miller: “My real A game was in this room. Because no one lets you get away with anything. I would say this character would do this.” “Not to me they don’t.” They’re like, “Why do you think that?” There’s no, “Look at this. This is shiny.” No, none of that. They’re like, “It’s all right.” I was happy. Her A game was fantastic.

Yahlin Chang: But don’t you think also that recently, writing on the edge, and Geri, you too, with writing, you’re always on the edge of complete and utter failure.

Geri Cole: All the time.

Yahlin Chang: You’re always skirting on the edge of disaster. And maybe that’s what keeps you going, right? It’s never feeling secure, never feeling like, “Oh, I got this.”

Bruce Miller: And even me, and I’m supposed to be the… When I write a script to the show, I give it to these guys usually first. And my first question is, “Does it make any sense at all?” Because sometimes it doesn’t feel like a story at a certain point, and these guys have to tell me, “No, no, no.” But I’m trying to push it beyond what even I kind of wonder whether it works together.

Geri Cole: I love that, that you’re still handing out drafts.

Yahlin Chang: Yesterday I pitched an idea in the room and I was like, “My concept for this next episode [inaudible 00:40:57].” And while pitching it and afterwards, and that whole… I was like, “Did that make any sense at all? Was that completely incoherent? Was it total gibberish? I don’t know, you just don’t [crosstalk 00:41:13] ever stop [inaudible 00:41:14].

Bruce Miller: It doesn’t go away, because you’re starting with a new idea all the time.

Geri Cole: But that’s really encouraging to hear, it doesn’t go away. And that’s kind of a good thing, that it doesn’t go away to still feel-

Yahlin Chang: It might be the thing that drives us. Otherwise it’s, if you did feel like, “Ah, I got this,” maybe you would just stop writing.

Geri Cole: So I guess, we are coming to the end of the hour and I obviously know spoilers, but I am interested in where you guys are beginning to go in season five, how much justice we’re going to get to in season five. And I guess, I know Margaret Atwood is still very much involved in the show, or have you used her new book or is that just a totally separate thing? Does she continue to inform, I guess, where the show goes?

Bruce Miller: Oh, absolutely. I mean, we talk as much as… She’s much busier than we are, she’s the busiest woman on the planet. But we’ve been laying the groundwork for the next book, but not really using pieces of it. The next book, there’s a jump in time, so it takes place with characters that are such a different… But so we’ve been laying the groundwork for how our characters would be then, but that we did before. Because Margaret and I talked about what she was going to do in The Testaments before that started. So we’ve been doing that for a while, or at least not going down a road that isn’t a road that we’re allowed to go down. She tells me not to kill certain people, that kind of thing.

Geri Cole: Okay. Wow.

Bruce Miller: Don’t kill these people because I need them for X. It’s very weird. I mean, it’s one thing to adapt a book, but also to have another book she’s writing on the other end, you’re like, “I’m completely trapped.” I have to start where she told me to start, end where she told me to end. But in terms of season five, I always feel like our show, the thing that messes you up in guessing what happens is your TV brain, just think about what would really happen. That’s almost always what happens.

Not only exactly what you think is going to happen, exactly what we tell you is going to happen. And then people are still shocked. So a lot of times we’ll say, it’s just your TV brain saying, “oh, they’ll never do that.” That’s the only reason. I mean, we did an episode before Yahlin’s fantastic episode last year, where she gets on a boat at the beginning of the episode and the whole episode’s on a boat, and she’s going to Canada. And when she gets to Canada, you’re shocked. The entire thing is, “We’re on a boat, we’re to Canada, we’re going to Canada, we’re going to Canada, we’re going to Canada, we’re going to Canada. Oh, we’re going to be in Canada, we’re on a boat, we’re going to Canada.” They get to Canada and you’re like, “Oh my God, I [inaudible 00:43:41] to Canada.”

Yahlin Chang: She got into Canada.

Bruce Miller: But it’s true, because in TV, she would never make it to Canada. But she made it. So I would say, just sit down with your friends and a glass of wine, and write down 10 things. And I bet you’ll be right.

Geri Cole: Wow. I mean, Serena better lose that baby.

Bruce Miller: [crosstalk 00:44:02]. Oh my God. [crosstalk 00:44:06].

Geri Cole: In that last scene where we see Frank get torn apart, I was like, “[inaudible 00:44:14].” Very strong reactions.

Yahlin Chang: That’s so funny. I wonder if it’s that desire? I mean, that reminds me, it’s how people stick with us because there’s this desire for justice. Because I’m always like, “God, why do people watch such a sad, stressful show?” But I think there is this promise of some kind of justice at the end.

Bruce Miller: And we get it. We get it. I mean, it’s also not kiss and end. It isn’t justice at the very end. We got June to testify against them in season four, really go toe to toe with them. And I think the idea for us is as we move forward in a show about someone who’s dealing with trauma, that it is a journey and it’s a different journey for every one of our characters, all of them have been traumatized.

And so I think the good thing about our show is we’re not tied to, this is the trauma journey. Because we’re not doing a story about June’s trauma journey. We’re doing it about America’s trauma journey, and there’s a lot of Americans. And Canada’s trauma journey.Luke was shot and had a runaway, and had his wife and child taken from him. And no one ever thinks of him as traumatized at all.

Geri Cole: That’s true.

Bruce Miller: And still, if that had happened to someone and it hadn’t been Gilead, if that happened to one of your friends, he would be the most traumatized friend you’ve ever had in your whole life. “Oh my God, that guy has the biggest, scariest story ever.” But this didn’t even get [inaudible 00:45:41] story ever. I mean, no one ever gives a shit. And if he says, “I [inaudible 00:45:44] story.” People would be like, “Shut up.”

Geri Cole: Calm down, get in the back of line. Wow. I do think that that’s a part of what it is really great about the show and watching it during a time like this, is that, as we all process trauma, it is very nice and cathartic to see these characters process trauma. And yes, some justice coming. I guess, thank you so much for talking with us today. This has been such a pleasure. Cannot wait for season five. Yes. Thank you. Thank you again.

Bruce Miller: Thank you so much.

Yahlin Chang: Thank you. What a lovely interview. It was so nice to talk to you.

Geri Cole: It was nice talking to you as well. This was so much fun. That’s it for this episode. OnWriting is a production of the Writers Guild of America, East, and is hosted by me, Geri Cole. This series was created and is produced by Jason Gordon. Tech production and original music by Taylor Bradshaw and Stockboy Creative. Our associate producer and designer is Molly Beer. You can learn more about the Writers Guild of America, East online at wgaeast.org. And you can follow the Guild on all social media platforms @WGAEast. If you liked this podcast, please subscribe and rate us. Thank you for listening, and right on.

 

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